Anatomy of hemorrhoid
Blood vessels in the anal canal that swell and inflame are hemorrhoids. There are two types: internal hemorrhoids, which are placed inside the rectum and can bleed, and external hemorrhoids, which are located outside the anus and can cause pain and itching. Obesity, pregnancy, and straining during bowel motions are risk factors. Changes in lifestyle are one form of treatment, along with surgery.
Structure of hemorrhoid in human
In the anal canal, hemorrhoids are vascular formations. Hemorrhoids come in internal and exterior varieties. Rectal mucosa covers internal hemorrhoids, which are found above the dentate line. The superior rectal artery supplies them with blood, and the superior rectal vein removes it. Below the dentate line and covered by skin are external hemorrhoids. The inferior rectal artery supplies them with blood, and the inferior rectal vein removes it. Various factors, such as straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, and persistent constipation, can cause hemorrhoids to swell and inflame. Surgery, topical drugs, and lifestyle changes are all available as treatments.
Blood supply of hemorrhoid in human
The lower rectal artery, a branch of the internal pudendal artery, and the superior rectal artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery, both supply haemorrhoids. The superior rectal vein, a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein, and the lower rectal vein, a tributary of the internal iliac vein, are the two veins through which haemorrhoids are drained venous.
What factors give rise to haemorrhoids?
Several things can lead to haemorrhoids, such as:
straining while going to the bathroom
Persistent diarrhoea or constipation Pregnancy
Being overweight or obese
spending a lot of time sitting
Age-related anal relations
A history of haemorrhoids in the family. Liver disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Rectal infection or inflammation.
Some of these factors can increase pressure on the blood vessels in the anal canal, leading to swelling and inflammation of the hemorrhoids.
Symptoms of hemorrhoid
The symptoms of hemorrhoids can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
Pain or discomfort in the anal area.
Itching or irritation around the anus.
Swelling or a lump near the anus.
Bleeding during bowel movements.
Mucous discharge after bowel movements.
A feeling of incomplete bowel movement.
Anal leakage.
Anal itching.
Symptoms of internal hemorrhoids may not be noticeable, as they are located inside the rectum and usually do not cause pain. However, they may cause bleeding during bowel movements. External hemorrhoids are often more painful and may cause discomfort or itching around the anus.
What is the choice treatment of hemorrhoid?
The choice of treatment for hemorrhoids depends on the severity of the condition and the type of hemorrhoid. Mild cases can often be treated with lifestyle modifications, such as:
Increasing fiber intake to soften stool and prevent constipation.
Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
Exercising regularly to improve bowel function.
Avoiding prolonged sitting on the toilet.
Using over-the-counter creams or ointments to relieve itching and pain.
For more severe cases, medical interventions may be necessary, such as:
Rubber band ligation to cut off the blood supply to the hemorrhoid.
Sclerotherapy to inject a chemical solution into the hemorrhoid to shrink it.
Infrared coagulation to cauterize the hemorrhoid tissue.
Hemorrhoidectomy to surgically remove the hemorrhoid.
In some cases, a combination of these treatments may be necessary to effectively manage the condition. Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended to determine the most appropriate treatment for an individual case.
Does surgery is the final solution
Surgery is typically considered as a last resort for the treatment of hemorrhoids, after other less invasive options have failed to provide relief. Most cases of hemorrhoids can be effectively managed with lifestyle modifications and non-surgical interventions. However, in some cases, such as those with large, symptomatic hemorrhoids or prolapsed hemorrhoids, surgery may be the most appropriate option.
The surgical procedures for hemorrhoids removal include hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidopexy, and Doppler-guided hemorrhoid artery ligation. These procedures are usually performed under general anesthesia and require a recovery period of several weeks. It is important to note that while surgery can provide significant relief for hemorrhoid symptoms, it does not guarantee a permanent cure, and hemorrhoids can recur even after surgery. Therefore, it is recommended to make necessary lifestyle modifications and follow-up with regular medical care to prevent recurrence.
What is the success rate of hemorrhoid surgery
The success rate of hemorrhoid surgery depends on the type of procedure and the individual case. Hemorrhoidectomy has a success rate of approximately 95%, while stapled hemorrhoidopexy and Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation have success rates ranging from 70% to 90%. Success rates are typically higher for patients with less severe hemorrhoids.
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